美国波士顿代写作业:定义哲学

2019-01-21 18:19

社群主义被定义为一种哲学，它“强调社群在政治生活运作、政治制度分析与评估、以及理解人类认同与福祉方面的重要性”。“[5]通过对社区和社区内的个人的归属感和承诺，将个人融入政治生活。因此，个人被认为是更广泛的社区的一部分，而不是独立存在的实体。另一方面，自由主义是一种“将保护和增进个人自由作为政治核心问题”的学说。[6]自由主义者认为，政府存在的唯一目的应该是保护个人免受他人伤害。这应该是政府存在的唯一目的，因为自由主义者对任何形式的政府都持怀疑态度。这是因为人们相信，任何形式的政府本身都是对人民及其自由的一种威胁，只有把干预降到最低限度，只对有助于促进和维护个人自由的基本问题进行干预，才能实现这一点。由此产生了一个有待讨论的根本差异:个体和政府。自由主义将个体从政府中分离出来，只考虑个体及其如何维护自身的自由。然而，社群主义批评这种超然，而把重点放在人民之间的社群意识上。这个社区允许人们和政府在更广泛的意义上进行交互。社群主义不仅批判这一点，而且批判“自由主义以个人权利为基础，从根本上误解了社会生活，产生了一种政治哲学，这种哲学本身就是我们所面临问题的根源”。[7]因此，自由主义并不仅仅以个人为基础来创造任何社会秩序或社会意识。自由主义者和自由主义者大多认为，这只需要看个人。
美国波士顿代写作业:定义哲学
Communitarianism is defined as a philosophy that “emphasizes the importance of community in the functioning of political life, in the analysis and evaluation of political institutions, and in understanding human identity and well-being.” [5] It integrates individuals into political life through a sense of belonging and commitment to their community and the individuals within this community. Individuals are thus considered to be a part of a wider community and not an independent entity existing by themselves. Liberalism, on the other hand, is a doctrine that “takes protecting and enhancing the freedom of the individual to be the central problem of politics.” [6] Liberals believe that governments should exist for the sole purpose of protecting the individuals from harm by other individuals. That should be the sole purpose for the existence of governments, since liberals are skeptic about any forms of government. This is due to the belief that governments of any sort are in themselves a threat to the people and their freedom, which can only be achieved if intervention was kept to a bare minimum and only for fundamental matters that would help promote and maintain individual freedom.From this stems a fundamental difference which is subject to debate: individuals and the government. Liberalism detaches the individual from the government and only considers individuals and how they can maintain their freedom. However, communitarianism criticizes this detachment and instead focuses on a sense of community amongst the people. This community allows for the people and the government to interact in a broader sense. Communitarianism not only criticizes this, but it criticizes the fact that “Liberalism, in basing itself on the rights of the individual, has fundamentally misunderstood social life and has produced a political philosophy that is itself the cause of the problems with which we are beset.” [7] Thus, Liberalism does not create any social order or any sense of a society by basing itself solely on the individual. Liberals and Libertarians have mostly argued for this need to look only at the individual.

• 上一篇：英国波士顿代写Assignment:良心诉求
• 下一篇：美国波士顿代写Assignment:减少塑料垃圾