西雅图Assignment代写:康德

2017-03-16 13:30

康德（1929：B11），而分析判断一定是真的，他们告诉我们一点关于世界为他们最终不过是重言式，如“所有物体都有扩展”。唯一的其他类型的判断，康德是他“合成”的判断，和他提供的声明都是例子是沉重的。综合判断需要有别的以外的语句本身来验证为真或假加入他们；康德（1929：A8）认为，他们必须依靠的东西（x）。”在一份声明中的所有物体都重”，“重”的概念，与“扩展”，不一定包含在“体”的概念，所以我们要看这个概念之外，为了验证其为真。因此，所有从康德的经验判断必须是综合的，不像分析判断，他们可以增加我们的知识，而不是仅仅澄清它。康德（1929：B11）也声称，有一种特殊的综合判断，存在一个先验的，以数学为例。在声明中的“7 + 5 = 12”，康德认为，“加七加五”的概念不包含在它的数字十二，只有一个数字，这将导致从这个加法。我们必须走出这个概念，康德认为，通过使用我们的手指来算出来，例如，以达到数字十二。这个判断不能为康德然而验，因为它是必要的，不能从经验。[ 5 ]康德因此认为，所有的分析判断一定是先验综合判断存在的先验和后验的，那就是，他们能从中得到经验，必然是真的。[ 6 ]这是非常重要的，从设计的观点，因为这种观点是试图证明上帝的存在，通过经验。按照康德的说法，我们可以通过我们的经验中获得了一定的知识，但如上所述，设计论证暗中使用本体论论证依靠神的概念，所有必要的存在，无法证明的综合，即虽然经验。而作为一个分析陈述，上帝假定作为必要的设计师的现实告诉我们，这样的神是否真的存在。

西雅图Assignment代写:康德

For Kant (1929:B11), while analytic judgements are necessarily true, they tell us little about the world as they are ultimately mere tautologies, such as ‘all bodies have extension’. The only other type of judgement for Kant are those he terms ‘synthetic’ judgments, and he offers the example of the statement ‘all bodes are heavy’. Synthetic judgements need to have something else added to them from outside the statement itself in order for them to be verified as true or false; as Kant (1929:A8) argues, they have to rely on a ‘something else (x).’ In the statement ‘all bodies are heavy’, the notion of ‘heaviness’, unlike ‘extension’, is not necessarily contained in the concept of ‘body’ and so we have to look outside of this concept in order to verify it as true. All judgements from experience for Kant must therefore be synthetic, and unlike analytic judgements they can add to our knowledge rather than merely clarify it. Kant (1929:B11) also claims that there is a special type of synthetic judgement which exists a priori, citing mathematics as an example. In the statement ‘7 + 5 = 12’, Kant argues that the concept of the sum ‘seven plus five’ does not contain within it the number twelve, only a number which would result from this addition. We must go outside of this concept, Kant argues, by using our fingers to count it out for example, in order to arrive at the number twelve. This judgement cannot be a posteriori for Kant however, because it carries with it a necessity which cannot be derived from experience.[5] Kant therefore argues that while all analytic judgments must be a priori, synthetic judgements can exist a priori or a posteriori, that is, they can derive from experience and be necessarily true.[6] This is very important when considering the argument from design, because this argument is an attempt to prove the existence of God through experience. According to Kant we can gain certain knowledge through our experience, but as noted above, the argument from design surreptitiously uses the ontological argument by relying on a concept of God as the all-necessary being which cannot be proved synthetically, that is, though experience. While as an analytic statement, God posited as the necessary designer of reality tells us nothing about whether or not such a God really exists.

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