伯克利Assignment代写:伊斯兰入侵

2017-03-05 14:35

伊斯兰入侵积极影响西班牙的许多生活领域，如文化、教育、宗教、经济、科学、社会和家庭。安达卢斯，作为穆斯林称西班牙，获得了中央位置，其他的古代世界文明之间的自由倭马亚王朝征服科尔多瓦（chejne，1974）。特别是，穆斯林为不同的社会团体建立了大约二千个公共澡堂和清真寺，并为科尔多瓦的贫困儿童实施了一些学校。虽然一些西班牙地区反对穆斯林的统治，工被倭马亚王朝相当先进的（Harvey，1990）。西班牙的图书馆里有400000多本书，科尔多瓦的街道被照亮了，不像欧洲和伦敦那样的首都。希伦布兰德（1999）指出的，“科尔多瓦的总理没有同伴的欧洲文明生活的便利设施。它的房子都慷慨地提供冷、热水，其街道夜间照明”（p.175）。不同的宗教团体，如基督徒，穆斯林和犹太人，成功地相互作用。据该（2004），”之间存在的科学，没有分离的智慧和信心；也不是脱离欧美地区东，也不是穆斯林的犹太人或基督徒”（2）。这种宗教宽容可以由事实，穆斯林不作为压迫者，但是，解释相反，他们试图改善居住条件，社会各阶层在西班牙。因此，在穆斯林统治期间，基督徒和犹太人占据了领导地位

伯克利Assignment代写:伊斯兰入侵

The Islamic invasion positively affected many areas of life in Spain, such as culture, education, religion, economics, science, society and family. Al-Andalus, as the Muslims called Spain, had acquired the central position among other civilizations of the ancient world since the conquest of Cordoba by the Umayyad dynasty (Chejne, 1974). In particular, the Muslims created about two thousand public baths and mosques for different social groups and implemented some schools for poor children in Cordoba. Although some Spanish regions opposed the Muslim ruling, industry and trade were considerably advanced by the Umayyads (Harvey, 1990). Spanish libraries contained more than 400,000 books and the streets of Cordoba were illuminated, unlike such European capitals as Paris and London. As Hillenbrand (1999) puts it, “Cordoba in its prime had no peer in Europe for the amenities of civilized life. Its houses were bountifully supplied with hot and cold running water, its streets were lit at night” (p.175). Different religious groups, such as Christians, Muslims and Jews, successfully interacted with each other. According to Ghazanfar (2004), “There existed no separation between science, wisdom, and faith; nor was East separated from the West, nor the Muslim from the Jew or the Christian” (p.2). Such religious tolerance can be explained by the fact that the Muslims did not act as oppressors, but, instead, they tried to improve the living conditions of all social classes in Spain. As a result, Christians and Jews occupied the leading positions during the Muslim ruling (Hopfe, 1998).


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